Resources and Information for Parents
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Pullout Research |
Will Participation in a Music Pullout Program Bring Down
My Child's Grades?
Research says no.
Groff(1963) was the pioneer in studying the effects
of music pullout programs on academic achievement. His study
determined that participating instrumental music students did
not differ in total academic achievement from non-participating
students despite absence from class.
Freidman (1960) studied the effect of instrumental
students missing regular classroom instruction in reading and
mathematics. The researcher concluded that the loss of regular
classroom time did not hinder achievement on the Stanford Achievement
test. In fact, a significant difference in reading scores was
observed, favoring instrumental musicians.
Kvet(1985) compared reading, language, and math
achievement of sixth graders and found "no significant difference
in achievement between students who are excused from regular
classroom activities for the study of instrumental music and
students not studying instrumental music." (Kvet, p.45)
Circle(1983), music supervisor of the Shawnee
Mission School District, determined that test scores of the
instrumental students were higher in both math and in reading.
After comparing scores of participants and non-participants
on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills, Circle believes that participation
in the music program increases students' achievement.
Holmes(1989) conducted a three-year comparison
study of fifth grade participants' and non-participants' scores
on the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills. Holmes found that
music students continually surpassed their non-participant peers
in academic achievement.
Dreyden(1992) studied fifth grade students' achievement
on the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills in Kansas. When comparing
students involved in a music pullout program to students not
involved in the music pullout program, the results showed that
"excusing elementary students from regular classroom activities
does not negatively affect achievement in math or reading."
(Dreyden, p. 72)
Wallick (1995) compared Ohio Proficiency Test
Results of fourth graders participating in a string pullout
program to those of matched ability who were not participating
in the music pullout program. The results favored string students'
achievement in reading and in citizenship and there was no significant
difference between the two groups in writing or math sections.
Akin, Jeane. 1987. A Study of Evidence That
Music Education is a Positive Factor in K-8 Student Academic
Achievement. Available: http://geocities.com/Athens/2405/pullouts.html
[1999, July 7]
Circle, David. 1989. Pulling Your Child for
Music Lessons Does Not Hurt Grades. Available: http://geocities.com/Athens/2405/pullouts.html
[1999, July 7]
Davis, Holly S. Effects of Absence and Cognitive
Skills Index on Various Achievement Indicators. A Study of ISTEP
Scores, Discrepancies, and School-Based Math and English Tests
of 1997-1998 Seventh Grade Students at Sarah Scott Middle School,
Terre Haute, Indiana. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services
No. ED 423 302).
Dryden, Susannah. 1992. The Impact of Instrumental
Music Instruction on the Academic Achievement of Fifth Grade
Students. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED 368
634).
Friedman, B. 1960. An Evaluation of the Achievement
in Reading and Arithmetic of Pupils in Elementary School Instrumental
Music Classes. Dissertation Abstracts International.
Gillespie, Robert. 1992, Spring. The Elementary
Pull-Out Crisis: Using Research Effectively. American
String Teachers Journal. Available: http://www.menc.org/publications/articles/academic/asta.htm
[1999, July 7]
Holmes, David Monroe. 1997. An Examination
of Fifth Grade Instrumental Music Programs and Their Relationships
With Music and Academic Achievement (Band). Dissertation
from University of Washington.
Kestrom, Joyce M. The Unstopped Power of Music:
Its Role in the Curriculum and Its Effect on Academic Achievement.
NASSP Bulletin, April 1998, pp. 34-43.
Kvet, Edward J. Excusing Elementary School
Students from Regular Classroom Activities for the Study of
Instrumental Music: The Effects on Sixth Grade Reading, Language,
and Mathematics Achievement. Journal of Research in Music
Education, Spring 1985, pp. 45-54.
Rauscher, Frances, et al. 1995, May-June. Does
Music Make You Smarter? PTA Today, pp. 8-9.
Wallick, Michael. 1995. A Comparison Study
of the Ohio Proficiency Test Results Between Fourth-Grade Spring
Pullout Students and Those of Matched Ability. Available:
http://www.menc.org/prublications/articles/academic/wallick.htm
[1999, July 7]
Zanutto, Daniel Raymond. 1997. The Effects
of Instrumental Music Instruction on Academic Achievement (High
School Students). Dissertation from University of California-Davis.
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